Method of constructing acid-proof tank linings



wat@ j.

lPabzmd Out 24,1922.

2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Umd

R. T. WALES.

METHOD 0F GONSTRUCTING ACID PROOF TANK LININGS.

APPLICATION FILED JULI/19.1916.

Lmw., mmm @0I-m w22..

y 2 SHEETS- SHEET 2. wl 10g/'z5 @Kw4/ '35M 5, W

LI( I |5261' l l I I I www i INVENTQR f slag filled with material is left at 10 -linings and4 partitions and the outerv wall 3 sixteenth inch gage.

then covered .with a layer 9 of liardmasses of coarse material such as crushed rock or coal tar pitch or pitchy material filling the voids nearly to the level of the tops of. thel said masses. In putting down this layer the crushed material from is'placed in position, and melted coal tar pitch or pitchy material is poured into the layer and fills the voids,.as above described, and also runs into the spaces between the bricks forming the rows I7. The hardl masses are coarse enough to remain sta-i t-ionary While the mingled with them flow between them pitchymaterial interis adapted to moveor when said pitchy mate- .rial expands, contracts, Ior is subjected to greater pressure .from one direction than from another.- In some constructions it may be found desirable to employ -a row of block 7 in place of a lead plate 6. Any'leak downward through ajslab 5 is prevented, lead plate, fr m reaching the base 1, the to of tlie corresponding edges of the lead p ate is securely embedded in the pitchy material. It will'- be understood that, the rows -of blocks 7 .with their"surro11nding pitchy material andthe -masses oflayer 9 with their filling of pitchyl material are'essentially alike, the regular form of the blocks 7 being preferableat'the' side Walls Where the side wall lining slabs are to but the;l precise shape of -th`e`blocks,m asses,` or other bodies of hard essential, and either form being the equivalent of the other. i

Inv the form of tank illustrated in Fi s. 1 to 4 inclusive a lspace for receiving pitcy 01"'10a between the because or 3a.

A suitable reinforcement for lthe slabs is av panel formed of round rods, some of.which extend transversely to others to which they are Welded. I have used to advantage such rods Without Welding but it is Fbetter to use what is commonly-known as cloth,"in' which the rods 'are about five- In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, dashlines Within the lining slabs indicate panels of reinforcement.

After the slabs 4 and 5 `have hardened and contracted, the lining slabs Sand 11 are molded in position and permitted to harden and contract.V Then the slabs 12 are molded, theslabs 12 being of such small Width that `the contraction in setting-ispractically is molded directly in its final positionin the construction'. kThe slabs, except those marked 4 and 5 are .successively molded against upright faces of previously molded Slabs after such previously molded slabs have set and contracted. The space yielded by the contraction of the previously molded Lto show Which the fine portions have been screened;-

material The plate 15 forms a dam for by the be moulded i material being un.-

. 'is desired to have these outlets.

Welde'df Wire 4 negligible.f -Each of thevarious slabs then pl slabs is thus substantially filled upv and the adjoining faces of slabs conform substantially Witheach other. In Fig. 1, at the ends of one cell, small areas of the top are shown in unbroken plan the parts referred `to inthe following.

In the tank illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 an inlet pipe is shovvn at\13 and an outflow pipe is shown at 14. A dam 15 in the form of a piece of sheet lead is secured 4to the ,outflowr pipe 14. l/Vith the various parts in the positions above is cleaned out in some suitable manner and then filled with melted coal tar pitch which commingles with the coal tar pitch in the layer 9 and forms a suitable seal in back of thevari'ous upright slabs of hard acid-proofreventingthe outflow of the pitch through the `space surroundi ,the pipe 14, i ng be ound'desirable lEach co partment or cell ofthe tank is` shown provided at its bottom with an outlet pipe 17 connected with a plug seat. 18 which isplaced in position and the llning slab 11 molded around it. It .is preferable to have pipe 17- Where it passes through the slab 1 ofconcrete, surrounded by a filling 19.of the acid-proof and insulating cement;

In forming the slabl 1, suitable permanent forms 2 0 will be preferably placed where it Thespace between this form andpi e 17 is subsequently-filled with^an insuv ating cement.

The to of the side Wall 3 is shown covered wit slabs 2l of theuhard acidroof cement. As a convenient means for ho ding the inlet pipe'13in positionit may be provided w'ith a strap 13 of sheet lead passing over the top of the lining slab and bent down into (the space 10, the bent over end extending below the surface of the `pitchy material filling theI space 10.

It will -be found of advantage in electrolytic Work to mold caps 22 of the insulating acid-proof cement on the tops of the piers A2, so as to-form insulation between the ground and the slab 1. In the construction shown in Fig. 4 on the base slab 1a is shown a layer 9n of coarse masses and pitchy material, upon which is molded slabs 11n land 121. The tank is also showny provided with reinforced slabs 23 alternating with slabs 24. In forming this tank the concrete base slab 1n is molded, and vvhileA it is plastic a series of upwardly projecting tie, wires 25 are placed ini position. The bricks near the sides and the layer 9 are aced in position and the layer 9" sur rounds ficient amount to extend to be embedded in `described,' a`suitablc type for described, the space l() and seals the Wires, permitting sufnascere the first laidl series of slabs '11", This vis tor tying down the bottom lining of the tank so that it will not be pressed up by the hydrostatic torce of the coal tar pitclr in the space 10, particularly when a hotsolution is quickly removed from the tank. Tt is not generally neceary to tie down the narrow intermediate slabs 12.

During the molding of the side walls 3, or before these are suHiciently set, reinforcing and tie rods 26 have their ends embedded in such wall 3f* and extend perpendicularly to such wall and .have a long portion dropping almost to the position which .will be occupied by the bottom of the Slabs23. llt is preferablel to provide two of these reinforcing and tie rods tor each of such slabs, and have them located a suicient-distance inwardly of the side edges of the slabs to be properly embedded. At the `point where each of these rods 26 extend from the side wall, the latter maylv be provided with an enlargement 27 ot the space'lO"l which receives a body of the pitchy material. Tn molding the lining slabs the slabs 23 are molded in their final position and about the l rods 26, and alter the slabs -23 have hardened and contracted the slabs 24 are then molded in position against the-slabs 23. By means of the pocket 27 a longer span is given to the horizontal portion of the t-ie rod. This permits a sufficient amount of flexibility during the contraction of the slab,

ln Figure 6 there is* illustrated a bott-'om` -lining for the tank made according to the illustrative example. A series of slabs 30 is laid, each ofl these'slabs being ot suitabley vproportions for conveniently working and large Yenough for economy in the operation. Theslabs'30 are spaced apart, and after they 4 have set vand contracted part of the space between adjacent slabs is filled by molding against theedges of the slabs 301 narrow slabs 31, the width of these latter slabs be ing such that the shrinkage in setting' is practically negligible, A certain amount of shrinkage takes place 'longitudinally of the slabs 31. fterthe slabs 31 have set, corner fillers 32 are'molded in position against the ends of the slabs 31 and the corners of the Jslabs 30. The dimensions of the lillers 32 are such that the sly'inkage of these in any direction is practically negligible.`

lt is found of advantage at times to place vin the backing under the slab/sot hard acidprooi material, that is, for instance, in the layer illustrated at 9" in Fig. 5, a row of blocks. For instance, hard brick 33 (see lFig. 6') are disposed at points wheref the weight of the material under treatment will be concentrated. Such. points are .generally under the sill timbers of a false floor upon which thematerial treated is placed.

The form of tank construction illustratedv in lFig. 5 is particularly adapted for use in every large and deepl tanks in which it impractical to line the upright walls withl hard Slabs and backing of coal tar pitch.

ln such case a sheet lead lining 35 is then placed against the .concrete side wall 36. Tn

the drawing there 'is also shown a sump orr gutter 37 at the bottom of' the tank. This is formed ot concrete lined with sheet lead tially similar to that shown in Fig. 6. The

inner face of the side wall 36 is shown extending` below the level of the layer 9b, which layer preferably rests on a slab 1b ot concrete. The base 42 is shown extending inwardly under the margin of the bottom lining, and upon it rests the concrete slab-1*.

Tn constructing the tank above described and illustrated in lFig. 5, the side walls are `first built and the concrete slab 1" molded in shape. There is, however, left around jthe edge of this concrete 1b, a border space into which the lower edge of the sheet lead lining 35extends, and there` is also left adjacent the gutter or sump 37, (which may be laid at the same time as the other concrete work) a similar border space inwhich the overturned edge/of the lead lining 38 is extended. After the above various concrete parts have set and the sheet lead is placed in position, the border spaces are filled with concrete 41. Then the layer 9b is formed by placing in theA engagement with the sheetlead lining. The

object oit forming thev border space fillers 41 is to. facilitate repairs in case some accident happens to the lead lining, orA in case it was defective when placed in position. 'To make such-repairs it is quite a simple matter to remove the` narrow slabs 31, the underlying portion of the layer 9b and the border space lillerstl.,I and edect the repair and replace the removed portions of the lining without great )inconvenience or expense.

Sheet lead fre uently develops leaks or becomes puncture and ifthis should occur, Huid contents ol the tank, as, lor-instance, the acid baths, wouldlodge a ainst the conf crete Wall 36. Corrosion o the concrete would ensue, and this being in a concealed aaa ' side wall 45 is molded directly against the body of pitchy material 47 gases and moisture i right side lining slab,'the

- the row 1t is necessary previously molded lining -slabs 46, and upon pitchy material 47, which connects between of'bricks 48 with pitchy material in the layer 9. Thebottom slab lc for this tank is shown provided with an upwardly extending flange, as it were, 49, 'for retainingthe pitchy material; Tie rods are shown embedded in the lining slabs 46 and the outervwall 45. Isteadof providing the and the row of is illustrated in be placed upon the bottom or supporting slab 1c, and upon this the lining slabs 46 would then be molded directly, in which case lthe-pitchy material would be held' in place, and there would then be no need of the upward extension or flange 49.

It is preferable to mold the slabs of hard acid-proof material with forms of sheet metal. Wood is objectionableV for forms because they become heated and the escaping make blow holes and a rough surface. 4The wood' also becomes warped by the heat. 4 f

In order to mold the vertical slabs forming theside linings, ,shown in Figs. 1,2, 3 and 4, to previously place .a mold face (or form) inthe space marked 10 in Figs. 1, Zand 3, and 10a in Fig. 4, and to remove it later'toadmit the seal of piitchy material. In other' words, in molding an' upslab 4surface which is behindthe slab (from a point of View within the tank), is molded against a mold bricks 48, sheet leadgsuch as face or'form which is subsequently removed after fined with molded against 46. Before this from itspo'sition and the same space is therea material, poured in while fluid), which seals the joints between the The preceding sentence applies also to molding slabs 46 in Fig. 7, because the outer .-wall 45A of concrete is vsubsequently concrete wall 45 becomes hard, its component sand, water and Portland cement is substantially fluid between-itsintermingled rock particles, and flows into the irregularities behind-slabs 46 and forms a seal sufcient fornthejmodification shown in this figure, although-not sufficient for the other modifications where a pitchy seal is re uired. 4

It will be un erstood that the constructions herein are illustrative examples of my invention, 'and that changes may sbe made within the scopeand spirit of the invention ywhen the solution leaks' .tion which consists in `tion support, then placing on said support a as the exigencies of various installations demand.

What I claim is:

l. The method of tank bottom construcproviding a bottom support, then placing on said support a layer of hard masses, then filling the spaces between said masses with a pliable or pitchy material to a substantial depth and then molding slabs of hard acid-proof material in their finalplaces on the upper surface of said layer of hard masses and pliable or pitchy material.

2. he method of tank bottom construcwhich consists in providing a bottom layer comprising pliable or pitchy material and hard masses, and then molding slabs pf hard acid-proof material in their final places on the upper surface of said layer of hard masses and pliable or pitchy material, said hard masses being coarse enough to remain stationary and support the overlying slabs while the pitchy material intermingled with the hard masses is adapted to move or flow therebetween when ex-v panding, contracting, or subjected to greater pressure from one direction than from another.

3. The method of tank bottom constructionwhich consists in providing a concrete bottom support and molding in said support upwardly projecting tie wires, then placing on said support a layer comprising pliable or pitchy material and hard masses, and then molding slabs of hard acid-proof material on the upper surface of said layer of hard masses and pliable or pitchy material, the upper ends of the said tie wires extending intel saidl slabs and being enclosed thereby.

4. 4The method of tank construction which consists in providing a body support, then placing on said support a layer comprising pliable or pitchy material and hard masses, then molding slabs of hard acidproof material in their final places on the upper surface of said layer of hard masses and pliable or pitchy material, said slabs being separated one from another, and then molding slabs directly in theirfinal positions against the upright faces of previouslymol'ded and contracted slabs. 4

5. A meth`od of constructing the inner lining of a tank with a hard and acid-proof material by molding said material directly in final position in the tank and in separate slabs adjoining one another, a substantial number of said slabs being molded directly adjoining upri ht surfaces of others previously molde set [and contracted, and thus. filling the space yielded by the contraction of the said previously. molded adjoining slabs, the joints between upright slabs 'in the side lining being subsequently D inneemt' sealed by pouring an upright layer ol pliable or pitchy material behind them and connecting, with a layer of hard' massesy and pliable or pitchy material previously disposed underneath the bottom lining of the tank. ,J

6. The method of forming the inner lini* ing of a tank'which consists in molding lining sections of hard rigid material of major area directly inf their final positions in the tank with intervening spaces of minor area between them and after such sections have shrunk to final form, molding sections of hard rigid material of minor area in said intervening spaces, whereby the joints between the respective sections are reduced to 'minimum Width.

7. rlihe method of constructing the lining of a tank, which includes laying support? ing masses on the bottom of the tanks and filling between\'said masses with a pliable or pitchy material to a substantial depth, and later'molding on and above said masses '.and pliable or -pitchy material an upright side lining slab of hard and acid proof ma` terial.

8. rlFhe method of constructing the lining of a tank, which includes placing on the bottom of the tank a layer of supporting masses with pliable or pitchy material-.intervening between said masses to a substantial depth and later molding on and above said layer upright side. liningrslabs of hard and acid proof material and subse- -I quently introducing behind such Aslabs a pliable or-pitchyV material which seals the Joints between such slabs.w

9. llhe' method of constructing the inner,` upright, side lining of a tank with a hard and acid proof material by molding said material directly in its final position in the tank and in separate upright slabs adjoining one another, said slabs being molded against a mold face which is behind the slab from a point of view within the tank, said mold face being subsequently removed and other material placedlater in the position from which said' mold face had been removed, -said other material being thus placed 'while in a fluid consistency and thus also adapted to fillsubstantiall'y all irregularities in the surfaces behind said Slab and thus adapted to seal the joints between the slabs.

10. The method of constructing the inner,

upright, side'lining of a tank, with a hard y.

'and acid proof material :by molding said material directly in its final position in the tank and in separate upright slabs adjoining one another, a said slab being molded against a mold face which is behindthe slab from a point of View within the tank,

-said mold face being subsequently removed and pitchy material poured into the posi- 'tion from which said mold `face had been nownann r. was. 

